Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm How to teach reading effectively?

Nội dung text: Sáng kiến kinh nghiệm How to teach reading effectively?

1. Experienced Initiative. Binh Nghi Secondary School How to teach reading effectively ? INTRODUCTION. Experience is a work that you have from doing your work many times . During a long time you do your work , you overcome bad things , improve them and make them better and better. Then , whenever you do that work ,you always use the method you have used before and get a good result . The method you use to make your work better is considered an experience of your own. Teachers always try to find the best methods to teach their students . I do , too . I have many experiences during my life of teaching , such as experiences in teaching Listening , experiences in teaching speaking, experiences in teaching reading and experiences in teaching writing . In this material , I will tell you my experiences in teaching reading . I myself think the followings are the best experiences of my own . But each person has different points of view . Anyway, I hope my experiences will be supported and all of you are certain to help me make my experiences better and better after reading my experiences . Le Thi Thu . Binh Nghi Secondary School . Le Thi Thu page1
2. Experienced Initiative. Binh Nghi Secondary School How to teach reading effectively ? PART 1 I. REASONS OF CHOOSING THIS TOPIC . Reading skill is one of the most important skills to language learners . The purposes of learning English are to learn how to listen , speak , read and write English well . Englins is an international language . It is a means to communicate with other people in the world . Many books are written in English .So how to help readers understand information written in English in books, newspapers , magazines ,etc is more important . If students have a good reading skill, they can easily understand the information written in English well . To English teachers , helping students drill their reading skill is more important because it is one of the four skills in teaching English . Moreover , teachers have to teach students reading skills so that they can understand the knowledge in English books and in English tests . To students , about 30 percent or even more than 30 percent of the exercises in their English tests are to test their reading skills .So if students have a good reading skill , they can easily complete their English tests well. Moreover,people said that “A good reader make a good writer”. If students are good at reading, of course , they are good at writing, speaking, and listening. In conclusion , how to teach students to be good at reading skills in English is very important. And my ideas above are the reasons why I have spent most of my time studying the topic : ” How to teach reading effectively ? “. Le Thi Thu page2
3. Experienced Initiative. Binh Nghi Secondary School How to teach reading effectively ? II. TASKS OF THE TOPIC. ( WHAT TASKS DOES THIS TOPIC SOLVE ? ) In this topic , I focus on the following contents : 1.The ways to read texts . 2.Sub-skills in teaching reading . 3.Principles of teaching reading . 4.Steps for presenting a reading text . 5.Some purposes of reading texts . 6.Techniques of teaching reading . 7.Games often used in teaching reading . 8.Some kinds of exercises in reading. III . METHODS TO RESEARCH THIS TOPIC . First of all , I use the knowledge of methods I have learnt at University . Secondly , I read many methodogical books to get the knowledge of the methods to teach reading . Moreover , I learn many experiences from my colleagues . With all the knowledge I have collected , I use them in teaching my students reading skills. After that , I choose the methods which are suitable for my students . this means that I choose the methods which make my students good at reading skill . I use these methods many times and then they become my own experiences . Now I am writing my own experiences in teaching reading in this material . IV .THE PLACE AND THE TIME TO RESEARCH THIS TOPIC . During a long time teaching English at Binh Nghi secondary school , I am experienced in teaching reading skills. I have researched this topic for over 3 years . ( from 2004 upto now ) . Le Thi Thu page3
4. Experienced Initiative. Binh Nghi Secondary School How to teach reading effectively ? PART 2 THE RESULTS . A . THE SITUATION OF LEARNING READING IN ENGLISH OF THE STUDENTS AT BINH NGHI SECONDARY SCHOOL AT PRESENT . * Students get acquainted with many kinds of reading exercises , and they do reading exercises well. * Students have a lot of skills and methods in doing reading texts and their reading skill is becoming better and better . * Students have many pleasures in reading periods . * Students read English texts more fluently and they can easily understand the contents of the English texts . * Students can do many reading exercises in the reference books by themselves at home . * Students enjoy reading periods . * When my students take part in examinations , they all get good results at reading . * Students have a lot of abilities in doing reading exercises and they do reading texts carefully *Students’English pronunciation is better . B .SOLUTIONS TO SOLVE THE CONTENTS IN THIS TOPIC . I . The ways to read English texts : There are many ways to read English texts . 1.Reading aloud : The purpose of reading aloud is to communicate someone’s information written to other people such as reading newspapers , news , letters , passages , messages ,etc In teaching foreign languages , reading aloud has fewer effects to the development of students’reading skill, but It mainly helps students practice pronunciation , intonation , stress or reading for announcing something . 2. Silent reading : When we want to read in order to understand something or to get information , we often read silently . It means that we only look at the words and understand them in our mind . 3. Intensive reading : including two kinds of reading . * Reading for details or research . * Reading for analysis .( in order to learn the language ) . 4.Extensive reading : including three kinds : * Reading for pleasure . * Scanning . * Skimming . Le Thi Thu page4
5. Experienced Initiative. Binh Nghi Secondary School How to teach reading effectively ? II . READING SUB-SKILLS: There are some main reading sub-skills that I often drill my students . 1. Reading for recognizing words and their meanings in the text . 2. Reading for understanding sentences or paragraphs in the text . 3. Scanning . 4 Skimming . 4. 5.Predicting the content of the sentences or texts . 5. 6.Guessing the meanings of the new words from contexts . 6. 7.Using dictionaries for reading . 7. 8.Inferring meaning . 9.Reading for total comprehension . 10.Critical reading . 11.Outlining . 12.Paraphrasing . 13.Summarizing . 14.Timed reading . 15.Strip stories ( ordering exercises ) . 16.Clozing . III . PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING READING : 1. When teaching a reading text , It is benificial to state a purpose for reading a given text . Tell the students why they are reading the text . It is to skim for the main ideas ? It is to scan for specific information ? It is for critical reading ? The purpose of reading task should be stated to the students before they read . 2. Prepare the students to read by introducing the topic of the passage . 3. Before the students read the text , have them read questions about it before hand to help them focus on the meaning . 4. Do not pre-teach vocabulary unless necessary . 5. Have the students read silently without whispering the words or moving their lips . This will help them read more quickly and focus on the more important words . 6. Discuss difficult vocabulary after reading the text .If they do not understand certain words by guessing from context , help them by explaining the meaning, by definition or example . 7. When discussing the answers to comprehention questions , be sure to refer back to the text often . 8. Finally , remember to focus on developing the skills of the readers . The purpose of teaching reading is not only to help the students understand the context for that day , but also to help them learn to read effectively for themselves . To do this ,they must develop many sub-skills of reading like skimming , scanning , predicting , guessing from context and reading for total comprehension . IV : STEPS FOR PRESENTING A READING TEXT : 1.Give a brief introduction to get students thinking about the topic of the text . Le Thi Thu page5
6. Experienced Initiative. Binh Nghi Secondary School How to teach reading effectively ? 2. Ask students to say more words they know about the topic . 3. teach some key words . 4. State a purpose for reading the text ( skim , scan , read for total information , etc ) . 5.Write one or two guiding questions on the board to focus their attention . 6. Tell the students how much time they have to read . Do not allow them much time , especially in skimming and scanning exercises . 7.Have the students answer the given questions about the text . 8.Present a follow-up activity .In this , the students can share their own opinions or discuss what else they know about the topic of the text . V .THE TWO KINDS OF READING TEXT . There are many purposes of reading texts , but in this material I will mention two kinds of reading texts with two different purposes . * The reading text in order to present the language . * The reading text in order to teach students reading skills . HOW TO EXPLOIT THE TWO KINDS OF READING TEXTS : 1.Exploiting the reading text in order to present the new language : -If the main aim of the reading text is to present the new language , the teacher’s work is to help students understand the text through presentation , explanation , and noticing students about the content as well as the new language in the text .Then the follow-up tasks are in order to check the students’understanding and the use of the new language . Followings are the basic steps to exploit the reading text in order to present the new language : a. Introducing the text by using many different techniques such as telling stories , asking questions , revising previous lessons relating to the new lesson . b. Introducing the content of the text ( using pictures if possible ) and introducing new words and structures . If the text is long , we can divide it into small paragraphs . c. Practising asking and answering about the text , using the new language in the text . d. Practising the new language in the context of the text and the content of the text . e. Consolidating , summarizing , building up the text , using the following exercises : - Rearrange the text in order . - Build up the text . - Retell the story with prompts given . - Retell each part orally . - Sum up the main ideas of the text , basing on the prompts given . f. Read the text aloud in order to practice pronunciation , intonation . g. Follow-up activities ( intergrate the 4 skills : listening , speaking , reading , writing). 2. Exploiting the reading text in order to develop students’reading skills: In some reading texts in order to develop students’reading skills , teachers not only help students to understand the content of the text , but also give out some follow-up tasks in order to help students practice their reading skills .Those skills can help students read different passages with different purposes . In this kind of reading text , teachers do not present , introduce the content of the reading text , but the students themselves have to read the text and find out the content of the reading text . The role of the teacher is to help , prompt , guide ,give Le Thi Thu page6